Every assertion below is bound to registered sources and carries its own confidence. Weight them; do not treat the page as uniformly authoritative.
The chapter carries two subjects and this entry is scoped to the second of them. Libro III, capítulo XXVIII of Juan de Solórzano Pereira's Política Indiana is headed "DE LA CARGA DE LA TERCIA PARTE, que se ha puesto de nuevo en las Encomiendas del Perú, y en todas, de venir à pedir confirmacion al Consejo. Y de la materia de las confirmaciones." The tercia parte occupies §§1-17; the confirmations begin at §18 with the words "Viniendo aora à tratar de la otra nueva carga de las Confirmaciones". This entry carries the institutional spine of that second matter — §§18-21, §§41-46, and the 1736 editor's asterisked digests at §§42 and 47-51. The doctrinal question of whether confirmation was necessary, and the question of third parties with suits pending, are carried by two companion entries and nothing here rests on them.
confidence 0.9Política Indiana, libro III, capítulo XXVIII, §§18-21 and §§41-46 with the 1736 editor's asterisked digests at §§42, 47-51 — the charge of coming to the Council of the Indies for confirmation of an encomienda: its introduction by the Cédula Real of Valladolid of 20 September 1608 to the Marqués de Montesclaros with a term of four years and the penalty of loss of fruits applied to the Real Cámara, the viceroy's failure to comply and the repeated cédulas of 3 April and 20 December 1610 and 10 November 1612, the extension of the same order to New Spain and all the other provinces by cédula of Madrid of 17 January 1612 under penalty of losing the encomiendas themselves, the moderation of the terms to six years for Peru, Chile and the Philippines and five for New Spain by cédulas of Madrid of 7 February 1623 and 28 July 1629, what happened to the fruits when confirmation was denied, the dispensation of defects for money once the Fiscal had opposed them, the confirmation of municipal statutes and ordinances of the cities and communities of the Indies, and the editor's digest of leyes of título 19, libro 6 of the Recopilación with the procedure of the expediente inside the Council · primary
The charge is dated and its first term is given. At §18 it "se comenzó à introducir por Cedula Real, despachada en Valladolid à 20. de Septiembre del año de 1608, dirigida al Marques de Montes-Claros, Virrey del Perú, en que se le dice, que esto havia parecido conveniente al servicio de su Magestad assi en las Encomiendas, como en las Pensiones, que de alli adelante se concediessen, y se señaló el termino de quatro años, para venir à pedir, sacar, y presentar la Confirmacion de ellas con pena de perdimientos de frutos, si asi no se sacasse, y presentasse, aplicados à la Real Camara." The requirement was therefore first imposed on Peru, four years was the original term, and the first sanction was fiscal rather than the loss of the grant.
confidence 0.9Política Indiana, libro III, capítulo XXVIII, §§18-21 and §§41-46 with the 1736 editor's asterisked digests at §§42, 47-51 — the charge of coming to the Council of the Indies for confirmation of an encomienda: its introduction by the Cédula Real of Valladolid of 20 September 1608 to the Marqués de Montesclaros with a term of four years and the penalty of loss of fruits applied to the Real Cámara, the viceroy's failure to comply and the repeated cédulas of 3 April and 20 December 1610 and 10 November 1612, the extension of the same order to New Spain and all the other provinces by cédula of Madrid of 17 January 1612 under penalty of losing the encomiendas themselves, the moderation of the terms to six years for Peru, Chile and the Philippines and five for New Spain by cédulas of Madrid of 7 February 1623 and 28 July 1629, what happened to the fruits when confirmation was denied, the dispensation of defects for money once the Fiscal had opposed them, the confirmation of municipal statutes and ordinances of the cities and communities of the Indies, and the editor's digest of leyes of título 19, libro 6 of the Recopilación with the procedure of the expediente inside the Council · primary
The first order was not obeyed, and the treatise says so before it says anything about how the system worked. At §19 "Esta Cedula dexó de cumplir el Virrey, representando algunas razones, que tuvo por eficaces, para que se sobresseyesse, como consta de algunas Cartas, que en razon de ello escribió los años siguientes. Pero sin embargo se le mandò una, y otra vez, que la cumpliesse, y executasse por Cedulas de 3. de Abril, y 20. de Diciembre del año de 1610, y de 10. de Noviembre de 1612." The same viceroy, the Marqués de Montesclaros, had already declined to apply the tercia parte ordered in 1610, which is the chapter's other subject; on the two new charges of that decade he is on the record as resisting both.
confidence 0.9Política Indiana, libro III, capítulo XXVIII, §§18-21 and §§41-46 with the 1736 editor's asterisked digests at §§42, 47-51 — the charge of coming to the Council of the Indies for confirmation of an encomienda: its introduction by the Cédula Real of Valladolid of 20 September 1608 to the Marqués de Montesclaros with a term of four years and the penalty of loss of fruits applied to the Real Cámara, the viceroy's failure to comply and the repeated cédulas of 3 April and 20 December 1610 and 10 November 1612, the extension of the same order to New Spain and all the other provinces by cédula of Madrid of 17 January 1612 under penalty of losing the encomiendas themselves, the moderation of the terms to six years for Peru, Chile and the Philippines and five for New Spain by cédulas of Madrid of 7 February 1623 and 28 July 1629, what happened to the fruits when confirmation was denied, the dispensation of defects for money once the Fiscal had opposed them, the confirmation of municipal statutes and ordinances of the cities and communities of the Indies, and the editor's digest of leyes of título 19, libro 6 of the Recopilación with the procedure of the expediente inside the Council · primary
The requirement was then generalised to the whole of Spanish America, with a heavier penalty. At §19 "Y se estendió despues el mismo orden, y mandato à la Nueva-España, y todas las demás Provincias de las Indias por otra Cedula dada en Madrid à 17. de Enero de 1612. poniendo pena, no solo de perdimientos de frutos; sino de las Encomiendas, à los que dexassen de llevar sus Confirmaciones. Con que esto quedó assentado para lo de adelante, y se pone por carga, y condicion especial en los Titulos de ellas, que se despachan por los Virreyes, y demás Governadores, que tienen facultad de encomendar, cumpliendo con lo assi dispuesto en las dichas Cedulas." The condition was written into the instrument of grant itself, so that a title issued in America carried on its face the notice that it was provisional until Madrid passed it.
confidence 0.9Política Indiana, libro III, capítulo XXVIII, §§18-21 and §§41-46 with the 1736 editor's asterisked digests at §§42, 47-51 — the charge of coming to the Council of the Indies for confirmation of an encomienda: its introduction by the Cédula Real of Valladolid of 20 September 1608 to the Marqués de Montesclaros with a term of four years and the penalty of loss of fruits applied to the Real Cámara, the viceroy's failure to comply and the repeated cédulas of 3 April and 20 December 1610 and 10 November 1612, the extension of the same order to New Spain and all the other provinces by cédula of Madrid of 17 January 1612 under penalty of losing the encomiendas themselves, the moderation of the terms to six years for Peru, Chile and the Philippines and five for New Spain by cédulas of Madrid of 7 February 1623 and 28 July 1629, what happened to the fruits when confirmation was denied, the dispensation of defects for money once the Fiscal had opposed them, the confirmation of municipal statutes and ordinances of the cities and communities of the Indies, and the editor's digest of leyes of título 19, libro 6 of the Recopilación with the procedure of the expediente inside the Council · primary
The terms were then lengthened, and the reason given is the distance and the hazards of the Atlantic crossing. At §20 the cédulas "por la gran distancia de las Provincias de las Indias, y accidentes de la Navegacion, que muchas veces ocasionan detenciones inculpables, se templaron, y moderaron en quanto al termino, de suerte, que para lo del Perú, Chile, y Philipinas, se estendiesse à seis años: para lo de la Nueva-España, y sus Adjacentes, y otras Provincias, è Islas mas vecinas à cinco, dentro de los quales se huviesse de presentar la confirmacion, como consta por Cedulas dadas en Madrid à 7. de Febrero del año de 1623, y à 28. de Julio del de 1629." A metropolitan deadline was adjusted to the sailing times of the provinces it applied to, and the graduation follows distance, not favour.
confidence 0.9Política Indiana, libro III, capítulo XXVIII, §§18-21 and §§41-46 with the 1736 editor's asterisked digests at §§42, 47-51 — the charge of coming to the Council of the Indies for confirmation of an encomienda: its introduction by the Cédula Real of Valladolid of 20 September 1608 to the Marqués de Montesclaros with a term of four years and the penalty of loss of fruits applied to the Real Cámara, the viceroy's failure to comply and the repeated cédulas of 3 April and 20 December 1610 and 10 November 1612, the extension of the same order to New Spain and all the other provinces by cédula of Madrid of 17 January 1612 under penalty of losing the encomiendas themselves, the moderation of the terms to six years for Peru, Chile and the Philippines and five for New Spain by cédulas of Madrid of 7 February 1623 and 28 July 1629, what happened to the fruits when confirmation was denied, the dispensation of defects for money once the Fiscal had opposed them, the confirmation of municipal statutes and ordinances of the cities and communities of the Indies, and the editor's digest of leyes of título 19, libro 6 of the Recopilación with the procedure of the expediente inside the Council · primary
The reach of the requirement was stated so as to close the obvious way round it. At §21 "Añadiendo bien, que esta necessidad de pedir, y llevar confirmacion, incumbe tambien à aquellos, que en virtud de Cedulas Reales fueren encomendados por los Virreyes, ò Governadores de las Indias: porque es general la disposicion de las dichas Cedulas, como en casos semejantes lo dicen algunas leyes." A grant made in America on the strength of a royal order obtained in Madrid still had to come back to Madrid to be confirmed.
confidence 0.9Política Indiana, libro III, capítulo XXVIII, §§18-21 and §§41-46 with the 1736 editor's asterisked digests at §§42, 47-51 — the charge of coming to the Council of the Indies for confirmation of an encomienda: its introduction by the Cédula Real of Valladolid of 20 September 1608 to the Marqués de Montesclaros with a term of four years and the penalty of loss of fruits applied to the Real Cámara, the viceroy's failure to comply and the repeated cédulas of 3 April and 20 December 1610 and 10 November 1612, the extension of the same order to New Spain and all the other provinces by cédula of Madrid of 17 January 1612 under penalty of losing the encomiendas themselves, the moderation of the terms to six years for Peru, Chile and the Philippines and five for New Spain by cédulas of Madrid of 7 February 1623 and 28 July 1629, what happened to the fruits when confirmation was denied, the dispensation of defects for money once the Fiscal had opposed them, the confirmation of municipal statutes and ordinances of the cities and communities of the Indies, and the editor's digest of leyes of título 19, libro 6 of the Recopilación with the procedure of the expediente inside the Council · primary
Asking for a confirmation nobody required of you was treated as prudence, not as servility, and the comparison drawn is with France. At §41 some, for greater security and caution, have titles of such encomiendas despatched to them and ask confirmation of them, "lo qual en ninguna manera se debe reprehender: porque antes los mismos Doctores lo tienen por sano consejo: porque las gracias, y privilegios, que tienen confirmacion de mas Reyes, se tienen por mas firmes, como lo prueban Aretino, y otros muchos, diciendo, que à nadie le puede estár mal cumular muchos titulos para consolidar su derecho, y que esto es mas de utilidad, que de necesidad, y que en Francia nunca se pide nueva confirmacion del privilegio ya concedido, y confirmado; sino es quando la succession del Reyno muda linea, y passa de hijos à transversales."
confidence 0.9Política Indiana, libro III, capítulo XXVIII, §§18-21 and §§41-46 with the 1736 editor's asterisked digests at §§42, 47-51 — the charge of coming to the Council of the Indies for confirmation of an encomienda: its introduction by the Cédula Real of Valladolid of 20 September 1608 to the Marqués de Montesclaros with a term of four years and the penalty of loss of fruits applied to the Real Cámara, the viceroy's failure to comply and the repeated cédulas of 3 April and 20 December 1610 and 10 November 1612, the extension of the same order to New Spain and all the other provinces by cédula of Madrid of 17 January 1612 under penalty of losing the encomiendas themselves, the moderation of the terms to six years for Peru, Chile and the Philippines and five for New Spain by cédulas of Madrid of 7 February 1623 and 28 July 1629, what happened to the fruits when confirmation was denied, the dispensation of defects for money once the Fiscal had opposed them, the confirmation of municipal statutes and ordinances of the cities and communities of the Indies, and the editor's digest of leyes of título 19, libro 6 of the Recopilación with the procedure of the expediente inside the Council · primary
What the holder could and could not do while he waited is set out by the 1736 editor from the compiled law, and it is a real restraint. In the asterisked note following §42 the editor writes that "Entretanto, que llevan confirmacion gozan de la Encomienda, se infiere de las palabras de la ley 1. tit. 19. lib. 6. de la Recopil. Alli: Con apercibimiento, que si passado este plazo no llevaren confirmacion pierdan la Encomienda, y à este fin deberán dár fianza. Y la ley 3. ordena, que no hagan los frutos suyos hasta la confirmacion; con que el goce, que se les concede está pendiente de la confirmacion." Possession ran from the grant; ownership of the income did not run until Madrid had passed it, and security had to be given. This claim rests on the editor's one-sentence digest of leyes 1 and 3 of título 19, libro 6 of the Recopilación de Leyes de Indias, which were not opened in any printing of the Recopilación for this entry.
confidence 0.8Política Indiana, libro III, capítulo XXVIII, §§18-21 and §§41-46 with the 1736 editor's asterisked digests at §§42, 47-51 — the charge of coming to the Council of the Indies for confirmation of an encomienda: its introduction by the Cédula Real of Valladolid of 20 September 1608 to the Marqués de Montesclaros with a term of four years and the penalty of loss of fruits applied to the Real Cámara, the viceroy's failure to comply and the repeated cédulas of 3 April and 20 December 1610 and 10 November 1612, the extension of the same order to New Spain and all the other provinces by cédula of Madrid of 17 January 1612 under penalty of losing the encomiendas themselves, the moderation of the terms to six years for Peru, Chile and the Philippines and five for New Spain by cédulas of Madrid of 7 February 1623 and 28 July 1629, what happened to the fruits when confirmation was denied, the dispensation of defects for money once the Fiscal had opposed them, the confirmation of municipal statutes and ordinances of the cities and communities of the Indies, and the editor's digest of leyes of título 19, libro 6 of the Recopilación with the procedure of the expediente inside the Council · primary
When confirmation was refused for a grave reason the income had to be given back, and the ground stated is that the title collapsed retrospectively. At §43, since it often happens that "el Consejo denegando la confirmacion, manda volver los frutos, si conoció, que la Encomienda fue mal proveída: es de advertir, que esto se funda, en que el Titulo, que este Encomendero tuvo, se reduxo à no titulo, y sin él, y sin buena fee no se dá prescripcion, ni percepcion de frutos, segun reglas de Derecho." A grant obtained on a bad provision left the holder in the position of a man who never had a title at all.
confidence 0.9Política Indiana, libro III, capítulo XXVIII, §§18-21 and §§41-46 with the 1736 editor's asterisked digests at §§42, 47-51 — the charge of coming to the Council of the Indies for confirmation of an encomienda: its introduction by the Cédula Real of Valladolid of 20 September 1608 to the Marqués de Montesclaros with a term of four years and the penalty of loss of fruits applied to the Real Cámara, the viceroy's failure to comply and the repeated cédulas of 3 April and 20 December 1610 and 10 November 1612, the extension of the same order to New Spain and all the other provinces by cédula of Madrid of 17 January 1612 under penalty of losing the encomiendas themselves, the moderation of the terms to six years for Peru, Chile and the Philippines and five for New Spain by cédulas of Madrid of 7 February 1623 and 28 July 1629, what happened to the fruits when confirmation was denied, the dispensation of defects for money once the Fiscal had opposed them, the confirmation of municipal statutes and ordinances of the cities and communities of the Indies, and the editor's digest of leyes of título 19, libro 6 of the Recopilación with the procedure of the expediente inside the Council · primary
For lighter defects the rule ran the other way, and two reasons are given, one of which is that the holder had actually served. At §44 "Pero si la denegacion se hace por otras causas mas ligeras, no se suelen mandar volver los frutos, porque parece, que la autoridad del Governador, que concedió la Encomienda, dió justo titulo para posseerla, y desfrutarla. Y tambien se considera el servicio, que hizo el encomendado en este medio tiempo, con el qual pide la razon, que se compensen, ò computen los frutos, que ha percibido." The administration distinguished between a grant that should never have been made and a grant defective in form, and paid for the service rendered in the interval.
confidence 0.9Política Indiana, libro III, capítulo XXVIII, §§18-21 and §§41-46 with the 1736 editor's asterisked digests at §§42, 47-51 — the charge of coming to the Council of the Indies for confirmation of an encomienda: its introduction by the Cédula Real of Valladolid of 20 September 1608 to the Marqués de Montesclaros with a term of four years and the penalty of loss of fruits applied to the Real Cámara, the viceroy's failure to comply and the repeated cédulas of 3 April and 20 December 1610 and 10 November 1612, the extension of the same order to New Spain and all the other provinces by cédula of Madrid of 17 January 1612 under penalty of losing the encomiendas themselves, the moderation of the terms to six years for Peru, Chile and the Philippines and five for New Spain by cédulas of Madrid of 7 February 1623 and 28 July 1629, what happened to the fruits when confirmation was denied, the dispensation of defects for money once the Fiscal had opposed them, the confirmation of municipal statutes and ordinances of the cities and communities of the Indies, and the editor's digest of leyes of título 19, libro 6 of the Recopilación with the procedure of the expediente inside the Council · primary
The passage a defensive account of this system would cut is §45, and it is the author's own. Once the defects that could delay a confirmation had been recognised and opposed by the Fiscal, "la parte parece, y pide se le dispense en ellos, ofreciendo algun dinero por esta gracia, ò composicion, lo qual se suele admitir, y en ello no ay que mover, ni tener escrupulo: porque supuesto, que todas estas leyes de las Encomiendas, penden de la voluntad del Rey, que las introduxo, bien puede dispensar en ellas, como, y quando le pareciere … y en pudiendo dispensar à su alvedrio, tambien podrá llevar por essas dispensaciones, lo que justo fuere, sin que por esso se dexen de tener por gracia, y merced Real". Then comes the sentence that gives the practice its scale and its cause: "lo qual es oy muy digno de notar, por las muchas concessiones, que de este modo se hacen, reduciendolas à composicion de dinero, por pedirlo assi los aprietos, y guerras, en que se halla la Monarchia." The review the crown had imposed to police its own patronage was, by the time this was written, being settled for cash because the monarchy was at war.
confidence 0.9Política Indiana, libro III, capítulo XXVIII, §§18-21 and §§41-46 with the 1736 editor's asterisked digests at §§42, 47-51 — the charge of coming to the Council of the Indies for confirmation of an encomienda: its introduction by the Cédula Real of Valladolid of 20 September 1608 to the Marqués de Montesclaros with a term of four years and the penalty of loss of fruits applied to the Real Cámara, the viceroy's failure to comply and the repeated cédulas of 3 April and 20 December 1610 and 10 November 1612, the extension of the same order to New Spain and all the other provinces by cédula of Madrid of 17 January 1612 under penalty of losing the encomiendas themselves, the moderation of the terms to six years for Peru, Chile and the Philippines and five for New Spain by cédulas of Madrid of 7 February 1623 and 28 July 1629, what happened to the fruits when confirmation was denied, the dispensation of defects for money once the Fiscal had opposed them, the confirmation of municipal statutes and ordinances of the cities and communities of the Indies, and the editor's digest of leyes of título 19, libro 6 of the Recopilación with the procedure of the expediente inside the Council · primary
The same procedure covered the by-laws of American towns, which is the part of it least often noticed. At §46 "Otras confirmaciones se vienen asimismo à pedir al Consejo de estatutos, y ordenanzas hechas por algunas Ciudades, Villas, y Lugares, ò por otras Comunidades de las Indias", for which the same rules and doctrines serve, and the author refers to Bobadilla and others for the much ventilated question "si estos estatutos, ù ordenanzas se pueden, y deben guardar en el entretanto, que se negocia, y concede la confirmacion." Municipal legislation in the Indies was made locally and reviewed centrally, with the interval expressly a disputed question.
confidence 0.9Política Indiana, libro III, capítulo XXVIII, §§18-21 and §§41-46 with the 1736 editor's asterisked digests at §§42, 47-51 — the charge of coming to the Council of the Indies for confirmation of an encomienda: its introduction by the Cédula Real of Valladolid of 20 September 1608 to the Marqués de Montesclaros with a term of four years and the penalty of loss of fruits applied to the Real Cámara, the viceroy's failure to comply and the repeated cédulas of 3 April and 20 December 1610 and 10 November 1612, the extension of the same order to New Spain and all the other provinces by cédula of Madrid of 17 January 1612 under penalty of losing the encomiendas themselves, the moderation of the terms to six years for Peru, Chile and the Philippines and five for New Spain by cédulas of Madrid of 7 February 1623 and 28 July 1629, what happened to the fruits when confirmation was denied, the dispensation of defects for money once the Fiscal had opposed them, the confirmation of municipal statutes and ordinances of the cities and communities of the Indies, and the editor's digest of leyes of título 19, libro 6 of the Recopilación with the procedure of the expediente inside the Council · primary
The editor's digest at §§47-48 restates the terms from the compiled law, and it does not match the body of the chapter exactly. At §47 "Esta confirmacion se ha de pedir no solo en las Encomiendas; sino en las pensiones, situaciones, ù otra renta con señalamiento de cantidad, ò sin ella. L. 1. tit. 19. lib. 6. Recop." At §48, if the confirmation is not produced within the term the holder loses the fruits, they are applied to His Majesty and ordered sent to Spain, "y este termino no lo pueden prorrogar los Virreyes, ni otro alguno"; the term is six years for the Audiencias of Lima, la Plata, Santiago de Chile and Manila, running from the day of the provision to the day of presenting the confirmation before the Governor or Justicia Mayor of the province where the encomienda lies, and five years for the other Audiencias. Practice added a mitigation: if the confirmation is obtained within the term, no objection is taken to the presentation, and for that reason the day the papers reached the Council is noted, "y esto por las dilaciones, que suele haver por las ocupaciones del Consejo, y porque al impedido no corre el termino." The body at §20 gives the terms by province — Peru, Chile and the Philippines at six years, New Spain and the nearer provinces at five — where the digest gives them by Audiencia; the two are compatible but not identical, and this claim states both rather than reconciling them. It rests on the 1736 editor's digest of leyes 1 and 6 of título 19, libro 6, which were not opened.
confidence 0.8Política Indiana, libro III, capítulo XXVIII, §§18-21 and §§41-46 with the 1736 editor's asterisked digests at §§42, 47-51 — the charge of coming to the Council of the Indies for confirmation of an encomienda: its introduction by the Cédula Real of Valladolid of 20 September 1608 to the Marqués de Montesclaros with a term of four years and the penalty of loss of fruits applied to the Real Cámara, the viceroy's failure to comply and the repeated cédulas of 3 April and 20 December 1610 and 10 November 1612, the extension of the same order to New Spain and all the other provinces by cédula of Madrid of 17 January 1612 under penalty of losing the encomiendas themselves, the moderation of the terms to six years for Peru, Chile and the Philippines and five for New Spain by cédulas of Madrid of 7 February 1623 and 28 July 1629, what happened to the fruits when confirmation was denied, the dispensation of defects for money once the Fiscal had opposed them, the confirmation of municipal statutes and ordinances of the cities and communities of the Indies, and the editor's digest of leyes of título 19, libro 6 of the Recopilación with the procedure of the expediente inside the Council · primary
The digest at §§49-50 describes how a confirmation file actually moved inside the Council, which is the kind of detail administrative history rarely has from a printed source. Contested confirmations have Autos de Vista and Revista. When papers on a confirmation of encomienda reach the Council "se anota en ellos el dia, que se recibieron, ò los presentó la Parte, y por un Oficial de Secretaría se llevan al Presidente, ò al que govierna el Consejo para que lo encomiende à uno de los Ministros de la Tabla: y si este no halla reparo se passa à la confirmacion: y si halla reparo, que se puede indultar, lo propone, y se ajusta con la Parte, y esto sucede en las que no son litigiosas: porque si lo fueren se vén en Justicia en la Camara: y lo mismo será si el Ministro, à quien se cometió, halláre, que se debe hacer saber al Fiscal, porque entonces se vén en la Camara." The dated receipt, the assignment to a named minister, the separation of the uncontested from the contested, and the referral of anything touching the Fiscal are all on the record. This claim rests on the editor's digest and on Autos Acordados 11, 55 and 139, which were not opened.
confidence 0.8Política Indiana, libro III, capítulo XXVIII, §§18-21 and §§41-46 with the 1736 editor's asterisked digests at §§42, 47-51 — the charge of coming to the Council of the Indies for confirmation of an encomienda: its introduction by the Cédula Real of Valladolid of 20 September 1608 to the Marqués de Montesclaros with a term of four years and the penalty of loss of fruits applied to the Real Cámara, the viceroy's failure to comply and the repeated cédulas of 3 April and 20 December 1610 and 10 November 1612, the extension of the same order to New Spain and all the other provinces by cédula of Madrid of 17 January 1612 under penalty of losing the encomiendas themselves, the moderation of the terms to six years for Peru, Chile and the Philippines and five for New Spain by cédulas of Madrid of 7 February 1623 and 28 July 1629, what happened to the fruits when confirmation was denied, the dispensation of defects for money once the Fiscal had opposed them, the confirmation of municipal statutes and ordinances of the cities and communities of the Indies, and the editor's digest of leyes of título 19, libro 6 of the Recopilación with the procedure of the expediente inside the Council · primary
The last paragraph of the chapter is the 1736 editor speaking in his own voice, and it is an eighteenth-century epitaph on the institution. At §51 "No corre la renta al Encomendero hasta, que esté confirmado: y ultimamente se despachó Cedula à la Governacion de Yucatán, para que entre tanto, que llega la confirmacion perciba los frutos debaxo de fianza de restituirlos, si se denegare. L. 4. tit. 19. lib. 6. Recop." Then: "Pero Yo tengo por mas conveniente, que estos frutos se recojan por Oficiales Reales, y los tengan en deposito por quenta à parte hasta la confirmacion, y mas en el tiempo presente, que son pocas las que se dan à descendientes de Conquistadores, porque no los ay, y su Magestad tiene declarado el animo de irlas incorporando en la Real Hacienda y mas à vista de los muchos gastos de la Corona, y que los Vassallos de España no pueden sufrir mas carga, de la que llevan." The "Yo" is the editor's, the Licenciado Francisco Ramiro de Valenzuela, not Solórzano's: a man publishing in 1736 recording that few encomiendas now go to descendants of the conquerors because there are none, that the crown has declared its intention to absorb them, and that the vassals of Spain can bear no more.
confidence 0.85Política Indiana, libro III, capítulo XXVIII, §§18-21 and §§41-46 with the 1736 editor's asterisked digests at §§42, 47-51 — the charge of coming to the Council of the Indies for confirmation of an encomienda: its introduction by the Cédula Real of Valladolid of 20 September 1608 to the Marqués de Montesclaros with a term of four years and the penalty of loss of fruits applied to the Real Cámara, the viceroy's failure to comply and the repeated cédulas of 3 April and 20 December 1610 and 10 November 1612, the extension of the same order to New Spain and all the other provinces by cédula of Madrid of 17 January 1612 under penalty of losing the encomiendas themselves, the moderation of the terms to six years for Peru, Chile and the Philippines and five for New Spain by cédulas of Madrid of 7 February 1623 and 28 July 1629, what happened to the fruits when confirmation was denied, the dispensation of defects for money once the Fiscal had opposed them, the confirmation of municipal statutes and ordinances of the cities and communities of the Indies, and the editor's digest of leyes of título 19, libro 6 of the Recopilación with the procedure of the expediente inside the Council · primary
What this entry establishes and what it does not. It establishes that from a cédula of Valladolid of 20 September 1608 the confirmation of encomiendas and pensions by the Council of the Indies was imposed on Peru with a four-year term and the penalty of losing the fruits; that the Viceroy Montesclaros did not comply and was ordered three more times; that the requirement was extended to New Spain and all the other provinces by a cédula of Madrid of 17 January 1612 under penalty of losing the encomienda itself, and was written into the titles as an express condition; that the terms were lengthened in 1623 and 1629 on account of distance and navigation; that possession ran from the grant but the fruits were not the holder's until confirmation, under security; that refusal for a grave defect carried restitution of the fruits and refusal for a light one usually did not; that defects were commonly dispensed for a money composición because of the monarchy's wars, as the author states in his own voice; and that the same procedure confirmed the statutes and ordinances of American cities and communities. It establishes nothing about how many confirmations were asked, granted or refused: not one figure appears on these pages. It establishes nothing about what the Indians of a confirmed or unconfirmed encomienda paid, or about whether the review improved their position; nothing on these pages addresses that and this entry does not assert it in either direction. Not one of the cédulas, and not one of the leyes of the Recopilación or the Autos Acordados cited, was opened in its own printing; they are known here only as this book and its 1736 editor report them.
confidence 0.9Política Indiana, libro III, capítulo XXVIII, §§18-21 and §§41-46 with the 1736 editor's asterisked digests at §§42, 47-51 — the charge of coming to the Council of the Indies for confirmation of an encomienda: its introduction by the Cédula Real of Valladolid of 20 September 1608 to the Marqués de Montesclaros with a term of four years and the penalty of loss of fruits applied to the Real Cámara, the viceroy's failure to comply and the repeated cédulas of 3 April and 20 December 1610 and 10 November 1612, the extension of the same order to New Spain and all the other provinces by cédula of Madrid of 17 January 1612 under penalty of losing the encomiendas themselves, the moderation of the terms to six years for Peru, Chile and the Philippines and five for New Spain by cédulas of Madrid of 7 February 1623 and 28 July 1629, what happened to the fruits when confirmation was denied, the dispensation of defects for money once the Fiscal had opposed them, the confirmation of municipal statutes and ordinances of the cities and communities of the Indies, and the editor's digest of leyes of título 19, libro 6 of the Recopilación with the procedure of the expediente inside the Council · primary