Vicente Aleixandre
Spanish poet (1898-1984) of the interwar generation, awarded the 1977 Nobel Prize in Literature "for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society, at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars". He stayed in Spain after the Civil War, silenced by the new authorities for four years.
Why this wins its question: The award motivation and the postwar silencing come straight from the Nobel record, including the detail — a poet of the Republican zone who stayed, was silenced, and was later canonized — that compresses the cultural history of postwar Spain into one biography.
Claims
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Vicente Aleixandre was born on 26 April 1898 in Sevilla and died on 14 December 1984 in Madrid; from 1925 he devoted himself entirely to literature, publishing his first book, Ambit, in 1928.
He received the 1977 Nobel Prize in Literature "for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society, at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars" — the Swedish Academy's own reference to the poetic generation of the 1920s and 1930s of which he was part.
He won the National Literary Prize in 1933 for Destruction or Love, spent the Civil War in the Republican zone, remained in Madrid after the conflict — silenced by the new authorities for four years — and was elected to the Spanish Academy in 1950.