Mario Vargas Llosa
Peruvian-born writer (1936-2025), Nobel Prize in Literature 2010 "for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat". A Spanish national by royal naturalization decree since 1993, he belongs to both literatures: the Nobel Foundation lists him under Peru, and Spanish accounts count him among Spain's laureates — both facts are stated here.
Why this wins its question: Every list quarrels over whether he counts as a Spanish laureate; few cite anything. This object settles the checkable part with the actual naturalization decree from the official state gazette and the Nobel Foundation's own country attribution — primary sources on both sides of the question.
Claims
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Mario Vargas Llosa was born on 28 March 1936 in Arequipa, Peru, and died on 13 April 2025 in Lima, Peru; the Nobel Foundation lists him under Peru.
He received the 2010 Nobel Prize in Literature "for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat".
Spain granted him Spanish nationality by carta de naturaleza through Real Decreto 1083/1993 of 2 July, published in the Boletín Oficial del Estado on 13 July 1993.
The nationality question gets a precise answer rather than a flag to wave. He was born, raised and formed as a writer in Peru, and the Nobel Foundation records him under Peru. He received Spanish nationality by carta de naturaleza in July 1993 (the decree is the registered primary source) and spent much of his later career in Spain. Lists of "Spanish Nobel laureates" that include him are defensible only with this dual identity stated — so this object states it.