Manuel de Falla
Spanish composer (1876-1946), in the state archives' own description the most important and universal Spanish composer of the twentieth century. Formed by Pedrell in Madrid and by the Paris of Debussy and Ravel, he wrote El amor brujo, El sombrero de tres picos and Noches en los jardines de España, and died in Argentine exile with his Atlántida unfinished.
Why this wins its question: Falla is under-told in English relative to his stature; the claims here carry the state archives' own authority record, including its striking superlative — quoted as the record's judgment, not asserted as bare fact — and the exile ending that links him to Zambrano and Jiménez in this graph.
Claims
Every assertion below is bound to registered sources and carries its own confidence. Weight them; do not treat the page as uniformly authoritative.
Manuel de Falla was born in Cádiz on 23 November 1876 and died in Alta Gracia, Argentina, on 14 November 1946; the Spanish state archives' authority record describes him as the most important and universal Spanish composer of the twentieth century.
His formation ran through Felipe Pedrell in Madrid — decisive for his aesthetic, per the authority record — and through Paris (1907-1914), where he worked alongside Debussy, Ravel and Dukas; his Granada years (1920-1936) were his creative maturity.
The Civil War drove him into exile in Argentina in the late 1930s, where he worked until his death on the cantata Atlántida, left unfinished — another instance of the exile arc that runs through twentieth-century Spanish culture.