Feijoo's Defensa de las mugeres (Teatro critico, discourse XVI, 1726)

The longest discourse of the first tome of the Teatro critico argued that women are equal to men in understanding, and its author later said in print that this equality was its primary and almost total subject. Two pamphlets answered it within five months of publication. Read here in the 1863 collected edition, with the author's own 1730 reply and the dated chronology of the paper war it started.