Observatorio Astronómico de Santa Fe de Bogotá (begun 1802, finished 1803), described by Francisco José de Caldas

An octagonal tower raised in the garden of the Real Expedición Botánica at Mutis's expense, begun 24 May 1802 and finished 20 August 1803, with a meridian line on the floor of its main room and a gnomon of 37 feet 7 inches. Caldas, who took charge in December 1805, printed its position in his own weekly along with the reasons it was not yet certain: cloud at three December solstices, and no European observatory had sent back a single corresponding observation of Jupiter's satellites.