Mario Vargas Llosa

Peruvian-born writer (1936-2025), Nobel Prize in Literature 2010 "for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat". A Spanish national by royal naturalization decree since 1993, he belongs to both literatures: the Nobel Foundation lists him under Peru, and Spanish accounts count him among Spain's laureates — both facts are stated here.