Antonio Ruiz de Montoya's Conquista espiritual (Madrid, 1639)

The account the Jesuit superior of the Paraguay missions wrote at court in 1639, best known for the flight of Guairá: seven hundred rafts and canoes carrying more than twelve thousand people down the Paraná away from slave raiders out of São Paulo. The same book indicts Spanish labour demands: a yerba trade that had "consumed many thousands of Indians", tribute discharged in two months of unpaid service, an encomendero taking six months a year of every man he held.