Maní: a crop domesticated in southeastern Bolivia, listed as mission food in 1786, and now grown on 28 million hectares

The peanut is an American domesticate the Spanish world moved rather than made. Genetics and biogeography place its origin in southeastern Bolivia, where both wild progenitors still grow near Villa Montes, and its main landraces had spread across South America before 1492; Peruvian archaeology carries its use back thousands of years. Alcedo's dictionary of 1786 lists maní among the ordinary foods of the Apolobamba missions, beside American yuca and maize and Old World rice.