Huarte de San Juan, Examen de ingenios para las ciencias (Madrid, 1668 printing of the author's revised text)

A physician's proposal, addressed to Philip II, that the state appoint deputies to test every child's aptitude and assign him the science he is fit for. Huarte grounds ability in the temperament of the brain, argues no one can master two arts at once, and asks for examiners of ingenio alongside the existing examiners of Latin. The same pages carry what the proposal costs: the child is to be made to study "por fuerça", and women's brains are declared incapable of much wisdom.