Prosperity and welfare under the Atlantic empires: the WEL dimension

The prosperity-and-welfare dimension of the empire benchmark loaded with the Maddison Project reconstructions - GDP per capita for the viceregal cores against the metropoles, c. 1600 to 1850. The data complicate both national stories at once: New Spain around 1700 was richer per head than Spain itself, Britain was already ahead of both, and the deepest American decline in the series comes with the independence wars, not before them - published with the observed-vs- attributable rule in force.