{
  "id": "ruiz-pavon-suplemento-a-la-quinologia-1801",
  "type": "entity",
  "name": "Suplemento á la quinología (Hipólito Ruiz and Josef Pavón, Madrid 1801)",
  "summary": "The 1801 continuation of the first Spanish monograph on cinchona: new species collected in the Peruvian Andes by Juan Tafalla, the first printed description and plate of the quina naranjada of Santa Fé, and an open answer to the school of Mutis arguing that the northern barks were inferior to those of Loxa and Peru. It is a botanical supplement and a priority quarrel bound together, and it prints the praise of its opponent alongside the attack on him.",
  "locale": "en",
  "tags": [
    "botany",
    "medicine",
    "peru",
    "new-granada",
    "science",
    "enlightenment",
    "expedition",
    "americas"
  ],
  "relations": [
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "target": "quina-cascarilla-del-peru"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "target": "mutis-arcano-de-la-quina-1828"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "target": "flora-peruviana-et-chilensis"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "target": "mutis-botanical-expedition"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "target": "medicinal-plant-trade-from-spanish-america-1717-1815"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "target": "instruccion-para-el-real-gabinete-de-historia-natural"
    }
  ],
  "questions": [
    "What is the Suplemento a la quinologia of 1801?",
    "Who was Juan Tafalla and what did he send from the Peruvian Andes?",
    "Why did Ruiz and Pavón dispute Mutis's quina naranjada?",
    "Was cinchona bark adulterated in the American trade?"
  ],
  "claims": [
    {
      "id": "c1",
      "text": "The volume read here is the \"Suplemento á la quinologia, en el qual se aumentan las especies de quina nuevamente descubiertas en el Perú por Don Juan Tafalla, y la quina naranjada de Santa Fé con su estampa\", by Hipólito Ruiz and Josef Pavón, \"Botánicos de la Expedicion del Perú, é Individuos de la Real Academia Médica Matritense\", printed at Madrid in the shop of the widow and son of Marín in 1801.",
      "sources": [
        "ruiz-pavon-suplemento-quinologia-1801"
      ],
      "confidence": 0.95
    },
    {
      "id": "c2",
      "text": "Its title page announces that it is two books at once: a supplement of new species, and a polemic. It promises the \"Respuesta á la Memoria de las Quinas de Santa Fé, que insertó Don Francisco Zea en los Anales de Historia natural\" together with satisfaction of \"los reparos ó dudas del Ciudadano Jussieu\" about the genera of the Prodromus of the flora of Peru and Chile — a Spanish expedition answering both a Bogotá rival and a Paris critic in the same pamphlet.",
      "sources": [
        "ruiz-pavon-suplemento-quinologia-1801"
      ],
      "confidence": 0.9
    },
    {
      "id": "c3",
      "text": "The new material comes from a collector in the field, and the book says so by name and date: Juan Tafalla sent drawings, descriptions and dried specimens from the montañas of Monzón and Chicoplaya and the Andes of Peru in 1797 and 1798, one consignment of barks dispatched in 1798 arriving in 1800, and the flowering months of the quinos are recorded from his notes. The botany printed at Madrid is the tail end of a supply line running from the eastern Andean forests.",
      "sources": [
        "ruiz-pavon-suplemento-quinologia-1801"
      ],
      "confidence": 0.85
    },
    {
      "id": "c4",
      "text": "With this description and plate, the authors state, all four quinas of Santa Fé are now published with descriptions and plates: Cinchona macrocarpa is Mutis's quina blanca or Cinchona ovalifolia, Cinchona magnifolia is his quina roxa or Cinchona oblongifolia, and Cinchona ovata is — in Zea's opinion, and doubtfully in theirs — his quina amarilla or Cinchona cordifolia. The rival's species are being published, under other names, by the expedition that disputes him.",
      "sources": [
        "ruiz-pavon-suplemento-quinologia-1801"
      ],
      "confidence": 0.85
    },
    {
      "id": "c5",
      "text": "They also claim the northern barks for the south. The barks Tafalla sent from Chicoplaya as \"Cinchona parecida á la de Calisaya\" and \"Cascarilla provinciana\" they take to be the same species as the naranjada; if that is confirmed, three of the four Santa Fé quinas — naranjada, roxa and amarilla — are found in Peru as well, \"y solo nos falta la blanca\". All three, they note, grow much lower than the rich quinas of Loxa and the other Peruvian barks, which are born on the high cold hills.",
      "sources": [
        "ruiz-pavon-suplemento-quinologia-1801"
      ],
      "confidence": 0.8
    },
    {
      "id": "c6",
      "text": "The quarrel is about a name and a reputation. Until Mutis applied the term naranjada to his quina nervina, Ruiz and Pavón write, \"jamás se habia oido tal nombre en el Comercio de España, ni en la Medicina\"; it is an ill-founded insistence of Zea's or his master's that this bark be recognised as the primitive one, when neither at Loxa nor in Spain is anything so recognised but the cinnamon-coloured bark, \"que es la que todos los Comisionados por el Rey siempre han enviado y envian, como la primitiva, la mejor y la mas eficaz á su Real Botica\".",
      "sources": [
        "ruiz-pavon-suplemento-quinologia-1801"
      ],
      "confidence": 0.9
    },
    {
      "id": "c7",
      "text": "Their positive argument ends by crediting people who never published anything: \"Moralmente debemos creer, que la primitiva Quina fuese la misma que en el dia se envia desde Loxa al Rey, como la mas exquisita, y que aquellos naturales y los Tratantes se han comunicado progresivamente unos á otros los conocimientos prácticos de ella\" — the practical knowledge of the bark passed on among the local people and the traders. The concession is made in the middle of a metropolitan priority dispute and is worth exactly as much as its context allows.",
      "sources": [
        "ruiz-pavon-suplemento-quinologia-1801"
      ],
      "confidence": 0.8
    },
    {
      "id": "c8",
      "text": "The polemic records a commercial fact that neither side had an interest in inventing: the bark Zea took for the naranjada of Santa Fé is abundant at Chicoplaya and in the mountains of Huamalíes, and \"con freqüencia viene mezclada de América con la amarilla, roxa y otras medianas, é inferiores\" — it arrives from America already mixed with the yellow, the red and other middling and inferior kinds. Adulteration is described at the American end of the trade, by botanists in a position to see it.",
      "sources": [
        "ruiz-pavon-suplemento-quinologia-1801"
      ],
      "confidence": 0.85
    },
    {
      "id": "c9",
      "text": "The book is not a hatchet job, and it says why itself. Its section heading announces a \"demostracion de que estas son muy inferiores á aquellas\"; two paragraphs later it leaves the medical question — the virtues Mutis assigned to his four barks, one acting on the nerves, another on the muscles, a third on the mass of the humours, the fourth on the entrails — expressly to the physicians to decide; and it quotes in a footnote the younger Linnaeus calling Mutis \"Americes summi Botanici\", conceding that the honour could not be withheld from him without injury.",
      "sources": [
        "ruiz-pavon-suplemento-quinologia-1801"
      ],
      "confidence": 0.85
    },
    {
      "id": "c10",
      "text": "The other half of the quarrel is preserved in Mutis's own book, printed at Madrid in 1828, where the four official quinas are set out as \"especies realmente distintas segun las reglas botánicas\" and the naranjada is the only one held to be directly febrifugal. Neither party produced a test that could decide between them, which is why both sides of this dispute are carried here rather than one.",
      "sources": [
        "mutis-arcano-de-la-quina-1828"
      ],
      "confidence": 0.85
    }
  ],
  "takeaways": [],
  "faqs": [],
  "evidence_tier": "primary",
  "evidence": {
    "level": "industry_observation",
    "source_types": [
      "paper"
    ]
  },
  "moat_flag": false,
  "winning_edge": "The Ruiz–Mutis quarrel over cinchona is usually reduced, where it is mentioned at all, to a sentence about rival Spanish expeditions. The 1801 Suplemento is the document in which one side actually argues, and it is readable page by page: it dates Juan Tafalla's Andean consignments of 1797 and 1798, publishes the rival's four species under its own names, states the naming dispute in the words used, records that the bark left America already mixed with inferior kinds, credits the local people and traders with the practical knowledge of it, and prints Linnaeus the younger's praise of the opponent in a footnote to the attack. Both halves of a contested claim, quoted rather than characterised.",
  "confidence": 0.85,
  "last_verified": "2026-08-14",
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    "name": "Suplemento á la quinología (Hipólito Ruiz and Josef Pavón, Madrid 1801)",
    "description": "The 1801 continuation of the first Spanish monograph on cinchona: new species collected in the Peruvian Andes by Juan Tafalla, the first printed description and plate of the quina naranjada of Santa Fé, and an open answer to the school of Mutis arguing that the northern barks were inferior to those of Loxa and Peru. It is a botanical supplement and a priority quarrel bound together, and it prints the praise of its opponent alongside the attack on him.",
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    "dateModified": "2026-08-14",
    "citation": [
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        "name": "El arcano de la quina. Discurso que contiene la parte médica de las cuatro especies de Quinas oficinales, sus virtudes eminentes y su legítima preparacion",
        "url": "https://books.google.com/books?id=9DqQU4yKcuIC&pg=PR1"
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        "name": "Suplemento á la quinologia, en el qual se aumentan las especies de quina nuevamente descubiertas en el Perú por Don Juan Tafalla, y la quina naranjada de Santa Fé con su estampa",
        "url": "https://books.google.com/books?id=idWNA-ouZhEC&pg=PP5"
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    "@type": "Article",
    "headline": "Suplemento á la quinología (Hipólito Ruiz and Josef Pavón, Madrid 1801)"
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}