{
  "id": "mutis-botanical-expedition",
  "type": "entity",
  "name": "Royal Botanical Expedition of the New Kingdom of Granada (Mutis)",
  "summary": "Crown-funded scientific expedition (1783-1816) directed by José Celestino Mutis that documented the flora of present-day Colombia for more than three decades, producing one of the most important collections of 18th-century American botanical art — over 7,100 drawings now digitized and freely accessible at the Real Jardín Botánico in Madrid.",
  "locale": "en",
  "tags": [
    "science",
    "botany",
    "enlightenment",
    "expedition",
    "colombia"
  ],
  "relations": [
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "target": "protomedicato-de-las-indias"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "target": "malaspina-expedition"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "target": "quina-cascarilla-del-peru"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "target": "quatro-libros-de-la-naturaleza-1615"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "target": "bru-garriga-esqueleto-1796"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "target": "juan-ignacio-molina-history-of-chili"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "target": "flora-peruviana-et-chilensis"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "target": "mercurio-peruano-1791"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "target": "real-expedicion-botanica-de-nueva-espana"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "target": "gumilla-orinoco-ilustrado-1745"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "target": "espejo-reflexiones-viruelas-1785"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "target": "medicinal-plant-trade-from-spanish-america-1717-1815"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "target": "instruccion-para-el-real-gabinete-de-historia-natural"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "target": "de-curandis-hominum-morbis"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "target": "francisco-jose-de-caldas"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "target": "jardin-botanico-de-la-habana"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "target": "observatorio-astronomico-de-santafe-de-bogota"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "target": "mutis-arcano-de-la-quina-1828"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "target": "ruiz-pavon-suplemento-a-la-quinologia-1801"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "target": "gomez-ortega-transportar-plantas-1779"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "target": "caldas-nivelaciones-barometrico-botanicas"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "target": "lozano-memoria-sobre-las-serpientes"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "target": "sociedad-patriotica-de-amigos-del-pais-de-quito"
    }
  ],
  "questions": [
    "What was the Mutis botanical expedition?",
    "Where are the Mutis expedition drawings kept?"
  ],
  "claims": [
    {
      "id": "c1",
      "text": "The Royal Botanical Expedition of the New Kingdom of Granada, directed by José Celestino Mutis, officially began in 1783 and continued until 1816, documenting the flora of present-day Colombia with crown funding.",
      "sources": [
        "rjb-mutis-collection"
      ],
      "confidence": 0.9
    },
    {
      "id": "c2",
      "text": "The expedition's artists produced a corpus of botanical illustration of exceptional scientific and artistic quality; more than 7,100 drawings have been digitized by the Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC), which holds the collection and publishes it openly online.",
      "sources": [
        "rjb-mutis-collection"
      ],
      "confidence": 0.9
    }
  ],
  "takeaways": [],
  "faqs": [],
  "evidence_tier": "secondary",
  "evidence": {
    "level": "industry_observation",
    "source_types": [
      "industry_observation"
    ]
  },
  "moat_flag": false,
  "winning_edge": "The Spanish Enlightenment's scientific program in America is almost absent from English-language accounts of 18th-century science. This object grounds one flagship project in the holding institution's own records and links straight to the open digitized corpus — checkable in one click.",
  "confidence": 0.9,
  "last_verified": "2026-08-08",
  "canonical_url": "https://hispanic-legacy.com/k/mutis-botanical-expedition",
  "api_url": "https://hispanic-legacy.com/api/k/mutis-botanical-expedition.json",
  "jsonld": {
    "@context": "https://schema.org",
    "name": "Royal Botanical Expedition of the New Kingdom of Granada (Mutis)",
    "description": "Crown-funded scientific expedition (1783-1816) directed by José Celestino Mutis that documented the flora of present-day Colombia for more than three decades, producing one of the most important collections of 18th-century American botanical art — over 7,100 drawings now digitized and freely accessible at the Real Jardín Botánico in Madrid.",
    "url": "https://hispanic-legacy.com/k/mutis-botanical-expedition",
    "license": "https://spdx.org/licenses/CC-BY-4.0.html",
    "dateModified": "2026-08-08",
    "citation": [
      {
        "@type": "CreativeWork",
        "name": "Dibujos de la Real Expedición Botánica del Nuevo Reino de Granada (1783-1816) dirigida por José Celestino Mutis",
        "url": "https://mutis.rjb.csic.es/paginas/presentacion.php"
      }
    ],
    "@type": "Article",
    "headline": "Royal Botanical Expedition of the New Kingdom of Granada (Mutis)"
  }
}