{
  "id": "maria-zambrano",
  "type": "entity",
  "name": "María Zambrano",
  "summary": "Spanish philosopher (1904-1991), formed in the Madrid of Ortega y Gasset, who spent forty-five years in exile after the Civil War — Paris, New York, Havana, Mexico — and received, after her return, the Premio Príncipe de Asturias (1981) and the Premio Cervantes (1988), the Spanish language's highest literary honor.",
  "locale": "en",
  "tags": [
    "philosophy",
    "literature",
    "exile",
    "women-in-science",
    "biography"
  ],
  "relations": [
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "target": "vicente-aleixandre"
    }
  ],
  "questions": [
    "Who was María Zambrano?",
    "Which Spanish philosopher won the Cervantes Prize?"
  ],
  "claims": [
    {
      "id": "c1",
      "text": "María Zambrano was born on 22 April 1904 in Vélez-Málaga and died in Madrid on 6 February 1991; she studied philosophy in Madrid in the 1920s, attending the classes of José Ortega y Gasset, Manuel García Morente, Julián Besteiro and Xavier Zubiri.",
      "sources": [
        "ic-zambrano-bio"
      ],
      "confidence": 0.9
    },
    {
      "id": "c2",
      "text": "She crossed into exile in 1939 after the Civil War and lived and taught in Paris, New York, Havana and Mexico, writing there the body of work — El hombre y lo divino among its major titles — that made her reputation.",
      "sources": [
        "ic-zambrano-bio"
      ],
      "confidence": 0.85
    },
    {
      "id": "c3",
      "text": "After her return to Spain she received the Premio Príncipe de Asturias de Comunicación y Humanidades in 1981 and the Premio Miguel de Cervantes in 1988.",
      "sources": [
        "ic-zambrano-premios",
        "ic-zambrano-bio"
      ],
      "confidence": 0.9
    },
    {
      "id": "c4",
      "text": "The Cervantes laureate list from the prize's creation in 1976 through 1987 contains only men, making Zambrano in 1988 the first woman to receive the Spanish language's highest literary honor.",
      "sources": [
        "ucm-cervantes-laureates",
        "ic-zambrano-premios"
      ],
      "confidence": 0.85
    }
  ],
  "takeaways": [],
  "faqs": [],
  "evidence_tier": "secondary",
  "evidence": {
    "level": "industry_observation",
    "source_types": [
      "industry_observation"
    ]
  },
  "moat_flag": false,
  "winning_edge": "Zambrano's English-language presence is thin and the Spanish one is hagiographic. This object binds the exile chronology and the awards to Instituto Cervantes records — and declines the famous superlative until the laureate list itself is registered, which is the method's point.",
  "confidence": 0.85,
  "last_verified": "2026-08-08",
  "body": "The famous superlative is now claimed with its evidence: the\nregistered laureate list shows only men from the prize's creation in\n1976 through 1987, which makes Zambrano's 1988 award the first to a\nwoman. The exile arc — a philosopher who left in 1939 and was\ncanonized on return half a century later — is the under-told\nstructure her biography shares with much of twentieth-century\nSpanish culture.\n",
  "canonical_url": "https://hispanic-legacy.com/k/maria-zambrano",
  "api_url": "https://hispanic-legacy.com/api/k/maria-zambrano.json",
  "jsonld": {
    "@context": "https://schema.org",
    "name": "María Zambrano",
    "description": "Spanish philosopher (1904-1991), formed in the Madrid of Ortega y Gasset, who spent forty-five years in exile after the Civil War — Paris, New York, Havana, Mexico — and received, after her return, the Premio Príncipe de Asturias (1981) and the Premio Cervantes (1988), the Spanish language's highest literary honor.",
    "url": "https://hispanic-legacy.com/k/maria-zambrano",
    "license": "https://spdx.org/licenses/CC-BY-4.0.html",
    "dateModified": "2026-08-08",
    "citation": [
      {
        "@type": "CreativeWork",
        "name": "María Zambrano, filósofa española — Biografía",
        "url": "https://www.cervantes.es/bibliotecas_documentacion_espanol/biografias/roma_maria_zambrano.htm"
      },
      {
        "@type": "CreativeWork",
        "name": "María Zambrano — Premios",
        "url": "https://www.cervantes.es/bibliotecas_documentacion_espanol/biografias/roma_maria_zambrano_premios.htm"
      },
      {
        "@type": "CreativeWork",
        "name": "Lista de galardonados con el Premio Cervantes",
        "url": "https://www.ucm.es/data/cont/docs/391-2015-01-19-Lista%20de%20galardonados%20con%20el%20Premio%20Cervantes.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "@type": "Article",
    "headline": "María Zambrano"
  }
}