{
  "id": "emilia-pardo-bazan",
  "type": "entity",
  "name": "Emilia Pardo Bazán",
  "summary": "Spanish novelist and critic (1851-1921) who introduced the debate on literary naturalism to Spain with La cuestión palpitante (1882-83) and wrote its major Spanish novels, Los pazos de Ulloa (1886) among them. In 1916 she became professor of contemporary literature at the Universidad Central in Madrid — a chair created for her by ministerial appointment.",
  "locale": "en",
  "tags": [
    "literature",
    "novel",
    "women-in-science",
    "naturalism",
    "biography"
  ],
  "relations": [
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "target": "concepcion-arenal"
    }
  ],
  "questions": [
    "Who was Emilia Pardo Bazán?",
    "Who introduced naturalism to Spanish literature?"
  ],
  "claims": [
    {
      "id": "c1",
      "text": "Emilia Pardo Bazán was born on 16 September 1851 in La Coruña and died in Madrid on 12 May 1921.",
      "sources": [
        "cv-pardo-bazan-bio"
      ],
      "confidence": 0.9
    },
    {
      "id": "c2",
      "text": "Her article series La cuestión palpitante (1882-83) made the French naturalist current a public literary question in Spain, and her novels in that line — La Tribuna (1883), Los pazos de Ulloa (1886), La madre naturaleza (1887) — are among the movement's principal Spanish works.",
      "sources": [
        "cv-pardo-bazan-bio"
      ],
      "confidence": 0.85
    },
    {
      "id": "c3",
      "text": "In 1916 the Ministry of Public Instruction named her professor of Contemporary Literature of Neo-Latin Languages at the Universidad Central in Madrid.",
      "sources": [
        "cv-pardo-bazan-bio"
      ],
      "confidence": 0.9
    }
  ],
  "takeaways": [],
  "faqs": [],
  "evidence_tier": "secondary",
  "evidence": {
    "level": "industry_observation",
    "source_types": [
      "paper"
    ]
  },
  "moat_flag": false,
  "winning_edge": "English-language histories of naturalism run from Zola to the Anglophone novel and skip Spain. This object binds Spain's central naturalist — a woman holding a university chair in 1916 — to the signed academic biography in the national digital library.",
  "confidence": 0.9,
  "last_verified": "2026-08-08",
  "canonical_url": "https://hispanic-legacy.com/k/emilia-pardo-bazan",
  "api_url": "https://hispanic-legacy.com/api/k/emilia-pardo-bazan.json",
  "jsonld": {
    "@context": "https://schema.org",
    "name": "Emilia Pardo Bazán",
    "description": "Spanish novelist and critic (1851-1921) who introduced the debate on literary naturalism to Spain with La cuestión palpitante (1882-83) and wrote its major Spanish novels, Los pazos de Ulloa (1886) among them. In 1916 she became professor of contemporary literature at the Universidad Central in Madrid — a chair created for her by ministerial appointment.",
    "url": "https://hispanic-legacy.com/k/emilia-pardo-bazan",
    "license": "https://spdx.org/licenses/CC-BY-4.0.html",
    "dateModified": "2026-08-08",
    "citation": [
      {
        "@type": "CreativeWork",
        "name": "Biografía de Emilia Pardo Bazán (por Ana M.ª Freire López, UNED)",
        "url": "https://www.cervantesvirtual.com/portales/pardo_bazan/autora_biografia/"
      }
    ],
    "@type": "Article",
    "headline": "Emilia Pardo Bazán"
  }
}